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People > Founders

The Founders of the Colony of Norka

Norka was one of the 104 original colonies (Mother colonies) established on the Volga. The Russian government organized the colony directly. As a result, it was known as a "Crown colony." This reference was meant to distinguish government-organized colonies from those settled by private recruiters.

After more than a year of difficult travel from their homelands, the first colonists arrived at the banks of the Norka River on Wednesday, August 15, 1767. This group contained the majority of the first settlers.
In the remaining days of August and the month of September, more immigrant families continued to arrive in Norka. Four more transport groups arrived on August 18th, August 26th, September 2nd, and September 22nd.  The 1767 census revision shows that 218 households comprised of 738 people living in the colony at the end of December 1767 (738 males and 357 females).

The colonists were primarily of the Reformed faith, although a small group of Lutherans and two Catholic households were also listed in the 1767 census.  The majority of the colonists had origins in the County of Isenburg or the Duchy of Hessen.  Norka is a rare example of a colony where most colonists came from the same region within the German-speaking lands of Western Europe.  Historians believe this cohesiveness allowed colonies like Norka to establish sustainable economic activity more quickly.

Among the first settlers were 65 guild craftsmen, 4 soldiers, 3 shoemakers, 2 weavers, 1 tailor, and a rare professional teacher.

Norka was one of the last colonies established. Its founding in August 1767 occurred several years after the first colonies were settled in 1764.

The map below shows the documented places of origin for the heads of households that settled in Norka and were recorded in the 1767 census. The area shaded in light gray represents the approximate boundaries of the former county of Isenburg, where many Norka families originated.

​Please contact us if you have information on the origin of other families that have not yet been documented on this page.

Below is a complete list of the 218 households living in Norka during the 1767 census. This census was taken shortly after the colony's founding and is sometimes called the "First Settlers List." Please note that only the heads of household and their spouse are shown on the list below. Follow the links for more information about these households and their confirmed places of origin.
House-
hold
No.
Heads of households listed in the 1767 census of Norka
Prior Place of Residence Provided by Colonists During the 1767 Census of Norka
Confirmed Place of Residence Prior to 1766 Migration to Russia
1
​Konrad and Elisabeth Müller
Hessen
?
1a
​Nicolaus Trüber (Treiber)
?
Wolf
2
​​Nicolaus and Katharina Elisabeth Schilling
Hessen
?
3
​Johann Heinrich and Maria Sibylla Lorei (Lohrei, Lohrey)
Isenburg
?
3a
​​Konrad Hahn
?
?
4
​​Jacob Anna Gertrude Pluket (Plouquet)
Isenburg
Schlierbach
5
​​Johannes Hölzer (Helzer, Helser) and Anna Maria 
Hessen
Oberzell/?
5a
​Just Köhler (Kahler, Keller)
?
?
6
Johann Conrad and Christina Weigandt
Isenburg
Altwiedermus
6a
​​Thomas Bauer
?
Dudenrod
6b
​​Carl Maul
Isenburg
Bindsachsen
7
​​Johannes and Elisabeth Prinz (Brenz)
Isenburg
Rothenbergen
8
​​Johannes and Anna Katharina Hamburger
Isenburg
?
9
​Johann Jacob Wilhelm
Isenburg
?
10
​Caspar and Katharina Weigand (Weigandt)
Isenburg
Altwiedermus/​Rinderbügen
10a
​Konrad Haas
?
Rinderbügen
10b
David Stein
Isenburg
?
11
​Georg and Maria Viktoria Hegwald
Isenburg
Altwiedermus
12
​Nicolaus and Anna Margaretha Müller
Isenburg
Altwiedermus
12a
​​Margaretha Bäcker (Becker)
Isenburg
?
13
​Wolf Ditrich and Katharina Bien (Bihn)
Isenburg
Lieblos
14
​​Johannes and Magdalena Hammer
Hessen
?
15
​Sebastian and Eva Lauterbach
Isenburg
​Niedergründau
16
​Philipp Jacob and Maria Elisabeth Pauly (Pauli)
Isenburg
Büdingen
17
​​Johann Heinrich and Elisabeth Bachmann
Hessen
Unterhaun
18
Andreas and Margaretha Nolde (Nolte)
Hessen
?
19
​​Eckhart and Anna Maria Richter
Isenburg
?/Schlierbach
20
​​Otto and Anna Maria Müller
Isenburg
Büdingen
21
​Ernst and Anna Maria Müller
Isenburg
?
22
​​Johannes and Henriette Julianna Schäfer
Isenburg
?
23
​​Johannes Henkel and Maria Elisabeth Lapp (née Hard)
Isenburg
?/Pferdsbach
24
​Konrad and Eva Elisabeth Preisendorf
Isenburg
?/Spielberg
24a
​​Konrad Werth (Worth, Wörth)
?
Spielberg
25
​​Peter and Anna Margaretha Georg
Isenburg
?
26
​​Johann Heinrich and Anna Maria Weber
Isenburg
Kefenrod
26a
​​Johannes Reifschneider
?
Kefenrod
27
​​​Martin and Anna Ross
Isenburg
?/Büdingen
27a
​​Johann Heinrich and Sophia Wilhelmine Schneider
Isenburg
Büdingen
28
​Friedrich and Katharina Holler
Bayreuth
?
29
​​Georg and Anna Barbara Just
Isenburg
?
30
​​Martin Albrecht and Margaretha ?
Isenburg
​Pferdsbach/
31
​Ernst Wilhelm and Catharina Elisabeth Urbach
Isenburg
Büdingen
32
​Johann Caspar and Gertrude Elisabeth Grün
Isenburg
Wolf
33
​​Susanna Elisabeth Griess​
Isenburg
?
34
​Johannes and Anna Catharina Mohr
Isenburg
Usenborn/​Wolf
35
​Jacob and Gertrude Glanz
Isenburg
​Lorbach
36
​Johannes Glanz
Isenburg
​​Lorbach
37
​Apollonia Schäfer
Isenburg
Wolf
38
​Johannes and Anna Margaretha Wilhelm
Isenburg
​Schlierbach
18a
Johannes Schlitt (Schlidt)
Hessen-Darmstadt
?
House-
hold
No.
​Names shown in the 1767 census of Norka
​Listed Origin
Confirmed Origin
39
​Johann Heinrich and Katharina Fuchs
Isenburg
Schlierbach
40
​Nicolaus and Magdalena Henkel
Isenburg
?
41
​Jacob and Katharina Bauer
Isenburg
?
42
​Jacob and Anna Barbara Loos​
Isenburg
Unterreichenbach
43
​​Johannes and Anna Margaretha Spady (Spadi)
Caesaria (Holy Roman Empire)
?
44
​​Melchior and Eva Margaretha Helwig
Isenburg
?
45
​​Ludwig and Katharina Elisabeth Fink
Darmstadt
?
46
​​Peter and Catharina Elisabeth Göbel
Isenburg
Büdingen
47
Johann Adam and Anna Margaretha Hohnstein
Isenburg
​Langen-Bergheim
48
​Johannes and Anna Catharina Kloberdanz
Isenburg
Gettenbach
49
Johann ​Nicolaus and Anna Maria Hohnstein
Isenburg
Altweidermus
50
​Engelhardt and Anna Margaretha Berger
Isenburg
Wolf
50a
​Michael Marquardt
Isenburg
Eckartshausen
51
​Conrad and Catharina Schleucher (Schleiger or Schleuger)
Isenburg
Altwiedermus
52
​​Heinrich and Anna Margaretha Messer
Isenburg
?
53
​​Wilhelm and Anna Maria Würtz
Isenburg
Langen-Bergheim
53a
​​Johann Heinrich Spahn
?
Himbach
54
​​Johannes and Kunigunde Lamm
Isenburg
Niedergründau
55
Johannes and Friederike Elisabeth Aschenbrenner
Isenburg
Eckartshausen
56
​Michael Lamm and Margaretha Lamm
Isenburg
Niedergründau
57
​Johannes and Magdalena Schreiner
Isenburg
Altwiedermus
58
​Johannes and Katharina Schein (Schön)
Isenburg
Himbach
59
​Margaretha Repp
Isenburg
Langenselbold
60
​Ulrich and Magdalena Schmidt
Hanau
?
61
​​Johann Adam and Anna Katharina Koch
Isenburg
Breunings/Roth
61a
​Johann Heinrich Hoesch
?
?
62
​Joseph and Marianna Kornborn
Isenburg
?/Niedergründau
62a
​​Peter Ludwig Adam
Isenburg
Niedergründau
63
​Andreas and Anna Dorothea Heinrich
Isenburg
?
64
​Peter and Elisabeth Roth
Kurpfalz
?
65
​Heinrich and Katharina Mai
Isenburg
Rothenbergen
66
Ernst and Catharina Traut (Draut, Traudt)
Isenburg
Rothenbergen
67
​Konrad and Anna Maria Fischer
Isenburg
?/Rothenbergen
67a
​​Georg Wilhelm, Christina Elisabeth, and Anna Margaretha Ifland (Hessler)
?
Rothenbergen
67b
​Konrad Reich
?
?
68
​Johannes and Eva Maria Sauer
Isenburg
?
69
​Georg Wilhelm Glass
Frankfurt am Main
?
70
​Heinrich and Katharina Fischer
Isenburg
?
71
​Johannes and Elisabeth Margaretha Scharf
Isenburg
?
71a
​Johannes Kraft
Darmstadt
?
72
​Heinrich and Katharina Hessler
Isenburg
Rothenbergen
73
​Johann Heinrich Brill and Barbara Elisabeth Erbe
Isenburg
Neuenschmidten
74
Wilhelm Hirstein
Hessen
?
75
​Margaretha Reiswig
Isenburg
Rothenbergen
76
​Johann Heinrich Brill and Anna Elisabeth Kropp
Isenburg
Neuenschmidten/Rinderbügen
77
​Johannes Brill and Eva Elisabeth Hahn
Isenburg
Neuenschmidten/Altengronau
78
​Daniel and Anna Maria Weigandt
Isenburg
?
78a
​​Julianna Kaiser
Isenburg
?
79
​Johannes and Anna Elisabeth Hartung
Isenburg
Gettenbach
House-
hold
No.
​​Names shown in the 1767 census of Norka
Listed Origin
Confirmed Origin
80
​Margaretha Schäfer
Isenburg
?
81
​Georg and Maria Margaretha Kniss
Isenburg
Büdingen
82
​Susanna Jacoby
Isenburg
?
83
​Konrad and Anna Maria Fischer
Isenburg
?
84
Johannes and Anna Margaretha Scheidemann
Isenburg
Rotensee
85
​Georg Ernst and Anna Barbara Henkel (Hinkel)
Isenburg
Büdingen
85a
​Anna Katharina Gutfeld
?
?
86
​Johannes and Anna Euler
Isenburg
Eckartshausen
86a
​Elisabeth Schifrit
?
?
87
​​Johann Georg and Anna Elisabeth Ruppel
Isenburg
Neuenhasslau/
Niedermittlau
88
​Conrad and Charlotta Hölzer
Hessen
Oberzell/?
89
​Konrad and Anna Cunigunde Spiecker
Isenburg
?
90
​Johannes and Elisabeth Kleiber
Isenburg
Hitzkirchen/Wüstwillenroth
90a
​Magdalena Eberhardt
?
?
91
​Abraham and Albertina Elisabeth Koch
Bieber
?
92
​Conrad and Katharina Lissmann
Isenburg
Fischborn
93
​Johann Heinrich Lohfink (Lofink)
Isenburg
Wüstwillenroth
94
​Lorenz and Anna Maria Krank
Isenburg
Birstein
95
​Thomas and Maria Katharina Hoffmann
Isenburg
?
96
​George and Katharina Bechthold
Isenburg
Fischborn/?
97
​Lorenz and Anna Elisabeth Hergenräder (Hergenroder)
Isenburg
?
97a
​Wilhelm Jäger (Yeager)
?
?
98
​Adam and Anzitonia Preis
Isenburg
?
99
​Adam and Maria Magdalena Schleucher (Schleuger)
Isenburg
?
100
Konrad and Margaretha Elisabeth Frank
Isenburg
?
101
​Susanna Eberhardt
Isenburg
Mauswinkel
102
​Johannes and Anna Margaretha Müller
Stolberg
?
103
​Adam and Katharina Reichert
Isenburg
Hesseldorf?
104
Philipp Brunn (Brun) and Rosina Heinrich
Kurpfalz
Kellenbach/Ruschberg
105
​Adam and Maria Barbara Söder (Seder)
Kurpfalz
?
106
​Daniel and Maria Elisabeth Jacoby
Kurpfalz
?
107
​Just and Magdalena Kaiser
Isenburg
?
108
​Thomas and Christina Kaiser
Isenburg
Michelau
109
​Johannes and Anna Margaretha Giebelhaus
Magdeburg-Ilsenburg
?
110
​Friedrich and Amalia Knippel
Darmstadt
?
111
​Valentin and Sibilla Prester
Isenburg
?
112
​Just Eisenhut
Isenburg
?
113
​Peter and Anna Margaretha Keller
Isenburg
?
114
​Johann Adam and Anna Dorotha Reifschneider
Isenburg
Michelau
115
​Michael and Katharina Stürtz
Isenburg
?
116
​Joseph and Anna Margaretha Schönemann
Isenburg
Michelau
117
​Kaspar and Elisabeth Margareth Schleuning
Stolberg
?
118
​Johannes and Magdalena Milling
Isenburg
?
118a
​Susanna Dietz
?
?
118b
​Johannes Bartel
Isenburg-Büdingen
?
119
Georg Friedrich and Anna Maria Dörr (Derr)​
Isenburg
Udenhain
120
Heinrich and Ernhardina Dörr (Derr)
Isenburg
Udenhain
121
​Heinrich and Katharina Breitesten
Isenburg
?
121a
​Heinrich Gedde (Gette)
?
?
122
​Johann Wilhelm and Maria Katharina Stärkel (Störckel, Störkel, Sterkel)
Isenburg
​​Bönstadt
122a
​Elisabeth Wolf
Mainz
?
House-hold
No.
​​​Names shown in the 1767 census of Norka
Listed Origin
Confirmed Origin
123
​Heinrich and Elisabeth Dörr (Derr)
Isenburg
Udenhain
124
​Ernst and Anna Margaretha Gerlach
Isenburg
Meerholz
125
​Johann Heinrich and Anna Gertruda Alt
Schwarzenfels
Oberzell
126
​Heinrich and Margaretha Führer
Hessen
?
127
​Just and Magdalena Kühltau (Kildau or Kilthau)
Hessen
Oberzell
128
​Melchior and Anna Margaretha Ochs
Hessen
Oberzell
129
​Adam and Klara Elisabeth Koch
Isenburg
?
130
​Nicolaus and Anna Margaretha Vögler (Fegler, Faigler)
Isenburg
​​​Radmühl
130a
​Anna Margaretha Schneider
Isenburg
?
131
​Johannes Huck and Anna Maria Kratzenberger
Hessen
?/Züntersbach
132
​Peter and Maria Elisabeth Bott
Hessen
?
133
​Heinrich and Anna Katharina Brehm
Hessen
?
134
​Konrad Haurich and Susanna Margaretha
Zweibrucken
?
135
Johann Wilhelm and Anna Eva Schreiber
Hessen
Ronshausen
136
​Johann Heinrich and Maria Sibilla Moritz
Hessen
Stärklos
137
​Johannes and Anna Barbara Hölzer
Hessen
Oberzell/?
138
​Heinrich and Elisabeth Mosbach
Hessen
?
139
​George and Anna Katharina Giel
Hessen
?
140
​Jacob and Anna Katharina Hohmann
Hessen
?
140a
​Johannes Blum
Hessen
?
141
​Nicolaus Külthau and Catharina Kratzenberger
Hessen
Weichersbach/Züntersbach
142
​Heinrich and Elisabeth Brenzel
Hessen
?
143
​Jacob and Anna Eva Schmer
Hessen
Heddersdorf/Biedebach
144
​​Anna Regina Hassenblug (Hassenpflug)
Hessen
Altenschlirf
145
​Georg and Katharina Elisabeth Zilg
Hessen
?
146
​Heinrich and Kunigunde Kern
Hessen
?
147
​Philipp and Anna Katharina Reuscher
Hessen
Altengronau
148
​Melchior and Anna Elisabeth Hahn
Hessen
Altengronau
149
Georg and Anna Katharina Eisel (Eusel)
Hessen
Ronshausen
150
​Johann Heinrich and Maria Elisabeth Döring
Isenburg
?
150a
​Johannes Hassenblug (Hassenpflug)
Isenburg
?
151
​Johannes and Anna Maria Ziegler
Hessen
?
152
​Nicolaus and Maria Elisabeth Prester
Hessen
?
153
​Nicolaus Guttperl
Hessen
?
154
​Johannes and Anna Christina Eisel (Eusel)
Hessen
Ronshausen
155
​Johannes and Katharina Elisabeth Heuser
Hessen
?
156
​Friedrich and Maria Elisabeth Koch
Hessen
?
157
​Johannes and Anna Maria Arndt
Hessen
Bergheim
158
​Georg Wettläufer
Hessen
?
158a
​Johann Heinrich Kaiser
?
?
159
Georg and Elisabeth Bäcker
Hessen
Ronshausen
160
Anton and Maria Katharina Bäcker
Hessen
Ronshausen
161
​Trougott and Anna Katharina Schwartz
Saxony
?/Wolf
162
​Jacob and Anna Maria Rusilije 
France
?
163
​Conrad Krüger (Krieger) and Catharina Schmidt
Fulda
Fulda/Queckborn
164
​Johannes and Louisa Dinges
Isenburg
​Hirzenhain/Niedergründau
164a
​Adam Hölzer (Helzer)
?
Oberzell
165
​Jacob Gideon
Hessen
?
166
​Ludwig and Susanna Elisabeth Battin (Batt)
France
?
166a
​Anna Elisabeth Scheuermann
Isenburg
?
166b
​Johannes Hauenstein
?
?
Picture
The record registering Johann Wilhelm and Anna Eva Schreiber in the colony of Norka (Household 135) as part of the 1767 Russian Census Revision. This census is commonly referred to as the "First Settler's List." Courtesy of Steve Schreiber.
House-
hold
No.
​​​​Names shown in the 1767 census of Norka
Listed Origin
Confirmed Origin
167
Johann Jacob and Anna Maria Weitzel
Isenburg
Bönstadt
168
​Heinrich and Anna Margaretha Schindler
Runkel
?
169
​Joseph and Eva Elisabeth Legue (also Lechai - probably Lütke or Letke)
Flandern
Lille, France?
170
​Georg and Anna Elisabeth Feuerstein
Isenburg
Bönstadt
171
Johannes and Magdalena Müller
Isenburg
Burgbracht/Mauswinkel
171a
​Johann Heinrich Weinberger
?
Bösgesäß
172
Christian and Susanna Weitzel
Isenburg
Bönstadt
173
​Karl and Magdalena Lehr
Isenburg
?
174
​Anna Margaretha Heinrich
Zweibrücken
Ruschberg
175
​Peter and Anna Margaretha Mohr
Zweibrücken
Ruschberg
176
​Ernst and Anna Margaretha Kleer
Isenburg
?
176a
Johannes Reuter
?
?
177
​Peter and Gertrude Heinrich
Zweibrücken
Ruschberg
178
Lorenz and Gertrude Kuhn
Isenburg
Hettersroth
Leidhecken
179
​Georg and Eva Elisabeth Hergert
Isenburg
?
180
​Johann Philipp and Johanette Bäcker (Becker)
Kurpfalz
?
180a
​Georg Bauer
?
?
181
​Konrad and Anna Maria Heffeneder
Schlitz
?
182
Jacob Nagel
Isenburg
​Birstein
183
Johann Philipp Kleer
Isenburg
Wenings
184
​Johann Heinrich and Anna Sibilla Betz
Isenburg
Wenings
185
​Justina Burbach
Hessen
Obersotzbach
186
​Friederich Lehl
Isenburg
?
187
​Melchior and Anna Maria Schneider
Isenburg
?/Burgbracht
188
​Johannes and Katharina Eberling
Isenburg
Büdingen
189
​Georg and Anna Kunigunde Just (Jost)
Isenburg
Burgbracht/?
190
​Christoph and Gertrude Lipphardt
Isenburg
?
191
​Peter and Anna Maria Kaiser
Isenburg
?/Burgbracht
191a
​Johann Heinrich Schäfer
Isenburg
Burgbracht
192
​Just and Anna Margaretha Döring
Stolberg
?
193
​Johannes and Sabina Schnell
Isenburg
?
193a
​Johannes Schröder
Isenburg
?
194
​Georg and Anna Margaretha Bauer
Isenburg
?
194a
​​Elisabeth Messer
Isenburg
?
195
​Johannes and Maria Louisa Wacker
Isenburg
Langenselbold/Wolf
196
​Heinrich and Anna Maria Albrecht
Isenburg
?
196a
​Johannes Bollender
Erbach
?
197
​Adam and Katharina Bach
Isenburg
?
198
​Johann Georg and Julianna Müller
Isenburg
Büdingen
199
​Georg and Elisabeth Deis
Isenburg
?
199a
​Johann Just Messer
?
?
200
​Adrian and Anna Maria Hart
Isenburg
Wolf
201
​​Johannes and Anna Maria Hohnstein
Isenburg
Langen-Berghim/Vonhausen
201a
​Maria Katharina Kirchenhein
?
?
202
​Georg and Rosina Popp
Isenburg
Rohrbach
202a
​Anna Dorothea Messer
?
?
203
​Martin and Anna Julianna Bäcker (Becker)
Braunfels
?
204
​Konrad and Anna Margaretha Dick
Hanau
?
204a
​Christina Völker
?
?
204b
Elisabeth Meier
?
?
205
​Johann Heinrich and Elisabeth Kinzel
Isenburg
?
206
​​Heinrich Karl and Appolonia Eberling
Isenburg
Büdingen
207
​Eberhard and Anna Katharina Ansbach
Isenburg
?/Rohrbach
207a
Louisa, Katharina and Wilhelmine Sorberger
Isenburg
Rohrbach
208
Philipp ​Ludwig Mörs
Isenburg
Büdingen
208a
​Elisabeth Geier
?
?
209
​Christian Eisenhut
Isenburg
?
210
​Wilhelm and Eva Sophia Köhler
Isenburg
Wenings
210a
Konrad Neun
?
Wenings
211
​Martin Meier
Hanau
?
212
​Johannes and Anna Dorothea Schwindt
Isenburg
?
213
​Just and Anna Katharina Völler
Isenburg
?
214
​Heinrich and Anna Katharina Müller
Isenburg
?
215
​Konrad and Louisa Schröder
Isenburg
?
216
Johann Peter and Elisabeth Klaus
Isenburg
​Düdelsheim
217
​Johannes and Gertrude Elisabeth Thilemann (Dillman or Tillman)
Hessen
?
218
​​Heinrich and Anna Elisabeth Müller
Hessen
?

Other Early Settlers in Norka

Some of the earliest settlers in Norka were not recorded in the 1767 census. The people listed below likely arrived sometime after the 1767 census and before the 1775 census.
Johann Peter and Maria Elisabeth Pauly (Pauli) - Hellstein, Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hessen, Germany
Deines family
Johann Heinrich and Johann Friedrich Horst
Other individuals and families arrived between 1775 and 1798.
Johann Heinrich Sinner

Notes: The "Prior Place of Residence" is derived from the 1766 Ship Arrival Lists and the 1767 Census of Norka. The "Confirmed Place of Residence" is based on documentation found in church or civil records. Alternative spellings are shown in italics.

Sources

German parish registers available online at Archion.de and FamilySearch.org.

Bauer, Reuben Alexander. One of Many. Edmonton, Alta.: 1965. Print.

Dietz, Jacob E. History of the Volga German Colonists. Lincoln, Neb.: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, Printed by Augstums Printing Service, 2005. Print.

​Hein, Maggie. Research reports prepared from documentation in the German parish records.

Litzenberger, Olga. Deutsche Evangelische Siedlungen an Der Wolga. Trans. Johannes Herzog and Paul Höringklee. Nürnberg: HFDR, 2013. Print.

Mai, Brent Alan, and Dona B. Reeves-Marquardt. German Migration to the Russian Volga (1764-1767): Origins and Destinations. Lincoln, Neb.: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 2003. Print.

Mai, Brent Alan. Transport of the Volga Germans from Oranienbaum to Colonies on the Volga 1766-1767. Lincoln, Neb.: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 1998. Print.

Pleve, I. R., and Richard R. Rye. The German Colonies on the Volga: The Second Half of the Eighteenth Century. Lincoln, Neb.: American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, 2001. Print.

Pleve, I. R. Lists of Colonists to Russia in 1766: Reports by Ivan Kulberg. Saratov, Russia: Saratov State Technical U, 2010. Print.

Pleve, Igor. Einwanderung in Das Wolgagebiet 1764-1767, Band 3, Kolonien Laub- Preuss. Gottingen: Nordost-Institut, 2005. Print.

Sinner, Peter. "Orts und Flurnamen," from Deutsches Leben in Russland, January 1923. Print.

Soshnikov, Vladislav. Norka Settlement List, May 1999. Extracted from the Saratov Regional Archive (Group 28, inventory 1, item 19, sheet 242-285) and translated  for J.W. and M.F. Wark)
Last updated August 26, 2024
Copyright © 2002-2025 Steven H. Schreiber
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